References for Sadi Carnot

1. J F Challey, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).
   http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830900791.html
2. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
   http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9020417/Sadi-Carnot

Books:

3. E Mendoza (ed.), Reflections on the motive power of fire by Sadi Carnot, and other papers on the second law of thermodynamics by E Clapeyron and R Claissius (New York, 1960).
4. R H Thurston, Carnot's Reflections (1890, reprinted 1943).

Articles:

5. M Bailyn, Carnot and the universal heat death, Amer. J. Phys. 53 (11) (1985), 1092-1099.
6. M Barnett, Sadi Carnot and the second law of thermodynamics, Osiris 13 (1958), 327-357.
7. A Birembaut, A propos des notices biographiques sur Sadi Carnot : quelques documents inédits, Rev. Hist. Sci. 27 (1974), 355-370.
8. D S L Cardwell, Power technology and the advance of science 1700-1825, Technology and Culture 4 (1965), 188-207.
9. W H Cropper, Carnot's function : origins of the thermodynamic concept of temperature, Amer. J. Phys. 55 (2) (1987), 120-129.
10. P M C Dias, S P Pinto and H Deisemar, The conceptual import of Carnot's theorem to the discovery of the entropy, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 49 (2) (1995), 135-161.
11. R Fox, Watt's expansive principle in the work of Sadi Carnot and Nicholas Clément, Notes and Records of the Royal Society 24 (1970), 233-243.
12. U Hoyer, How did Carnot calculate the mechanical equivalent of heat?, Centaurus 19 (3) (1975), 207-219.
13. M Kerker, Sadi Carnot and the steam engine engineers, Isis 51 (1960), 257-270.
14. F O Koenig, On the history of science and the second law of thermodynamics, in H Evans (ed.), Men and Moments in History of Science (Seattle, Wash., 1959), 57-111.
15. T S Kuhn, The caloric theory of adiabatic compression, Isis 49 (1958), 132-140.
16. T S Kuhn, Engineering precedent for the work of Sadi Carnot, Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences 13 (1960), 251-255.
17. T S Kuhn, Sadi Carnot and the Cagniard engine, Isis 52 (1961), 567-574.
18. K Krug, Sadi Carnot-sein prägender Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Thermodynamik, 200 Jahre Grosse Französische Revolution, Wiss. Z. Tech. Univ. Magdeburg 33 (2) (1989), 72-77.
19. C di St Robert, Notice biographique sur Sadi Carnot, Atti della R Academia delle scienze di Torino 4 (1868), 151-170.
20. F Sebastiani, The caloric theories of Laplace, Poisson, Sadi Carnot and Clapeyron, and the theory of thermal phenomena in gases formulated by Clausius in 1850 (Italian), Physis-Riv. Internaz. Storia Sci. 23 (3) (1981), 397-438.
21. C Truesdell, Absolute temperatures as a consequence of Carnot's general axiom, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 20 (3-4) (1979), 357-380.
22. S A Ulybin, The founder of the theory of heat : Bicentenary of S Carnot's birth (Russian), Vestnik Ross. Akad. Nauk 66 (6) (1996), 518-521.

October 1998